A short
introduction of all the partners.
Institut für Chemische Technik
University of Karlsruhe
Kaiserstr. 12
76128 Karlsruhe
Germany
www.ict.uni-karlsruhe.de
The Institut für Chemische Technik (Dr.
A. Hornung, Prof. Dr. H. Bockhorn) investigates the thermal decomposition of polymers and
develops chemical recycling strategies and designs reactors for recycling. One of the
inventions - the cycled spheres reactor - will be used for scale up and coupled to a high
steel bath at University of Leoben for direct pyrolysis gas injection. Commodity plastics
as well as real mixture fractions of polymers have already been investigated. The
evaluated formal kinetic parameters have been successfully used to scale up procedures
from micro scale to pilot scale.
Characterization methods for the identification of pyrolysis products are available. Due
to the engineering and recycling projects contacts to Brabender OHG and AHT Austria GmbH
as well as von Roll MBB Recycling are already exist.
Leobener Projektteam Hochtemperaturpyrolyse
Montanistic University of Leoben
Franz-Josef-Strasse 18
8700 Leoben
Austria
www.unileoben.ac.at
The team consists of four institutes. The
institutes are „Institut für Verfahrenstechnik des industriellen Umweltschutzes,
Prof. Kepplinger“, „Institut für Chemie der Kunststoffe, Prof. Lederer“,
„Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Prof. Gamsjäger“ und „Institut für
Nichteisenmetallurgie, Prof. Paschen“. This team is working on high temperature
pyrolysis of plastics in steel baths. A bath with a volume of 1000 l is used. The team
consists of specialists for extraction of nonferrous metals in theory and practice.
A broad experience in thermodynamic calculations is given. Basic engineering for the
transport and conversion of grained feeds is already executed, for instance the design and
basic engineering for rotary kiln. Due to that work excellent contacts to steel industry
and engineering companies are exist. Therefore, this university has a major role in the
project.
Investigations in steel bath will be performed; the electrolysis of residues for noble
metal recovery in practice and theory and the characterization of chemical components.
Free
University of Brussels
Department of Chemical Engineering
Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussel
Belgium
www.vub.ac.be
The department of Chemical Engineering
(Prof. Buekens) is a partner of the CYCLEPLAST project of the EU-commission and therefore
in contact with the Institut für Chemische Technik.
For the last 35 years Prof.Buekens served in numerous technical and management functions
and thus was involved in both fields of marketability and feasibility in a practical
rather than in an academic capacity. Although a number of assignments were limited to
technical feasibility, most studies made had to be tackled in a broader context, ranging
from raw materials availability to outlets and incorporating all managerial and technical
competences required. Prof.Buekens for 25 years has acted in the Board of Directors of an
Organisation selling by direct mail and handling sophisticated marketing evaluation
techniques. At the University of Brussels numerous projects were conducted under the form
of contract research, mainly in the domains of thermal processes and in the application of
activated carbon in drinking water. On behalf of the E.U. XI, XII, and XVII numerous
studies were completed successfully, one involving the commercial and marketing aspects of
gasifiers.
Field work was conducted in Congo and Indonesia. On behalf of DG XII several assessments
were made worldwide of pyrolysis, gasification and combustion technology. Also, numerous
studies, generally confidential, were conducted for industrial parties, relating int.al.
to new technology for the treatment of (hazardous) waste, the cleaning of flue gas, for
recycling plastics, metals, waste wood, etc..
The feasibility of sewage sludge pyrolysis, including an economic analysis was studied for
an International Consortium of phosphoric acid producers. Studies were conducted as early
as 1981 on the feasibility of recycling white goods (for DG XI) and electronic scrap
(various private companies).
Prof. Buekens will manage the contact to users and performs studies concerning comparable
technologies. He will coordinate economical as well as ecological aspects. Together with
the industrial partner a broad database can be realized.
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
Academy of Science of the Czech Republik - Praha
Heyrovsky Square 2/1888
16206 Prague
Czechian Republik
The Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
is although a partner of the CYCLEPLAST project of the EU-commission and therefore in
contact with the Institut für Chemische Technik. The institute is equipped with special
techniques for sample blending, characterization and processing.
A Plastograph mixer and microextruder, a two-roll-mill as well as a hydraulic press are
used to prepare blends of polymers with scavengers and catalysts. Sample sizes up to 10 kg
can be produced. The characterization will be performed with several rheometer types as
well as thermal analysis equipment with online and offline measurement techniques.
Synergistic and antagonistic effects of various additives during the thermal decomposition
of polymers and their blends will be investigated The characterization will be performed
with several rheometer types as well as thermal analysis equipment with online and offline
measurement techniques
Research Laboratory of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
Hungarian Academy of Science - Budapest
Pusztaszeri 59-67
1025 Budapest
Hungary
www.chemres.hu/index.html
The Research Laboratory of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry is a partner of the CYCLEPLAST project of the EU-commission and
therefore in contact with the Institute für Chemische Technik.
The group investigates the thermal decomposition of macromolecular materials including
plastics, natural polymers, coal and kerogens in order to understand and describe the
thermally induced and/or assisted chemical processes and identify their gaseous, volatile
and solid products. Investigation of the catalytic effects of contamination, additives,
blend or mixture components that are influencing the nature and yield of thermal
decomposition products. Study of the possible sources of pollution under pyrolysis or
incineration of polymers, and chemical recycling of plastic wastes.
The experimental data handling and reaction mechanism studies are assisted with
theoretical chemical computations and modelling. This description of the tasks of the
institute reflects directly the work contributed in this proposal.
Dipartimento di Chimica IFM
University of Torino
Via P. Giuria 7
10125 Torino
Italy
http://hal9000.cisi.unito.it/wf/dipartimen/chimica_in/index.htm
The Dipartimento di Chimica IFM
investigates the behaviour of flame retardants and flame retarded polymers during thermal
treatment.
Studied polymers are polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, nylons,
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers, fluorinated polymers, ethylene-vinylacetate
copolymers, ethylene propylene rubbers, poly(buthyl-terephtalate), phenolic resins,
poly(phenylene oxide), unsaturated polyesters-glass fibres SMC composites, polymers
electolytes. Fire retardant systems studied include halogen-based and intumescent systems.
The group has experience in carrying out basic mechanistic research in connection with
industrial developments, acquired in several research contracts including two BRITE EURAM
project on fire retardants: Programme BREU CT 91-0466 "Development of new materials
with improved fire resistance, reduced smoke and toxicity" and programme BREU BE
97-4962 "Insulating materials or fire safety cables, which is now in progress.
The group is carrying out research in connection with industrial partners on recycling of
polyolefin-based items used for automotive industries and in agricultural field.
The thermal stabilisation of polymers with flame retardants is a common method but those
systems are very complex in case of thermal decomposition and waste management. Therefore,
the influence of scavengers and catalystson flame retardants and flame retarded polymers
during decomposition will be investigated. In detail the influence on the evolution or
separation by scavenging of bromine from flame retardants will be investigated.
Combustion Chemistry Research Group
Abo Akademi University
Lemminkaenenkatu 14-18B
20520 Abo/Turku
Finland
The Combustion Chemistry Research Group
of the Abo Akademi University in Turku, Finland is an active international team which
works in close cooperation with the Finnish boiler and engine manufacturing industry. The
University has been working in the field of combustion chemistry research for more than 15
years.
The major part of the work at the Combustion Chemistry Research Group is directly related
to the development of new, cleaner and more efficient combustion and gasification combined
cycle processes (IGCC) etc. In addition, a substantial amount of work is conducted on the
use of biomasses and waste for thermal power and electricity production.
In Finland, approx. 10% of all energy is derived from black liquor - a waste product from
the pulp and paper industry -Finland being the world's leading manufacturer of black
liquor recovery boilers. The main effort of the research is to improve the control of the
chemistry of a combustion or gasification process. This leads to major reductions in
undesired components in the flue gases: sulphur and nitrogen oxides, organic gaseous
compounds and particulates.
The most important aspect dealt with in relation to this project is the characterisation
of the fuel and the expected behaviour of its inorganic components. This will determine
the final design and operation of the most suitable thermal reactor for the materials that
are to be handled. Considering the importance and role of fluidised bed reactor technology
in Finland, these reactors, in principle highly suitable for solid waste treatment, are
taken more or less as a reference.
During 2000 a lab scale FBC furnace will be built (inner diameter 2,5 cm, height 1,5 m)
with gas analysis, to be ready and available for the project.
Sea
Marconi Technologies
Via Crimea, 4
10093 Collegno
Italy
www.seamarconi.it
SEA MARCONI is an Italian small company,
with advanced technology, operating in the diagnostic & decontamination for energy and
the environment.
Founded in 1968, in Turin, by Vander Tumiatti (current General Partner) Sea Marconi
focuses on the protection of customer's resources with innovative solutions for
applications on systems and machinery ( i.e. electrical transformers, turbines etc.) with
technical fluids (i.e. insulating, diathermic, hydraulic, lubricants etc.).
30 years of company experience are characterised by: - 2,500 users ( in the energy,
industrial and service fields). - exclusive diagnostic protocols. - a powerful data bank -
advances decontamination processes). - participation, as experts, to standardisation
groups (IEC, CEN, CIGRE etc.). - constant investments in research & development and
technological innovation, to ensure the future.
Oriented toward the needs of users, Sea Marconi develops effective answers and integrated
"GREENPRO _ programs:
TECHNICAL DIAGNOSIS FOR THE PREVENTION OF DAMAGES. CHEMICAL - PHYSICAL DECONTAMINATION OF
FLUIDS AND CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES. DEHALOGENATION OF PCBs & PROTECTION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT. OXIDATIVE COUNTERFLOW TREATMENTS
Sea Marconi is equipped with advanced instrumentation (HRGC, Gas Chromatographer, HPLC
Chromatographer, IPC Plasma, Emission Spectrometers, IRTF infra-red Spectrometers,
Automatic Titration Systems, Particle Counters.
AHT
Anlagenbau-Hochtemperaturtechnik GmbH
Weitersfeld
No.220
2084 Weitersfeld
Austria
www.aht-austria.com
AHT Anlagenbau-Hochtemperaturtechnik GmbH
is designing and developing rotary kilns, oven, electronics and inductive heaters. They
are working together with industry and universities.
Experience with gas tight rotary kilns are exists. They are very interested in the
proposed technique because of a wide range usage of a rotary kiln with separate conveyor
screw for waste management, sample conditioning , drying and sewage sludge processing. Due
to that a direct cooperation is offered and a distribution of the system being developed
is possible.
Brabender OHG
Kulturstrasse 51-55
D-47055 Duisburg
Germany
www.brabender.com
Brabender OHG is a specialist in
designing extruders, mixers and screws. They are working together with the Institut für
Chemische Technik for more than six years. Together they developed the coupled
extruder-cycled spheres reactor system. The Brabender OHG has a very flexible group of
engineers and designers, which are able to solve engineering problems in a very short
time.
Together with the Institut für Chemische Technik they will develop the gas tight
connectors for coupling the rotary kiln, the separate conveyor screw and the
transportation system used in the gas tight connectors.
Demet
Deutsche Edelmetall Recycling Ag
Alzenau
Germany
www.demet.com
DEMET is another SME partner involved in
the logistics of waste management for precious metals recycling. On site facilities for
mechanical treatment of circuit boards or catalysts, storing sites and quality management
are coupled with a world wide network of costumers and refiners as well as precious metal
brokers.
Von Roll MBB Recycling GmbH
Schrobenhausen
Germany
The company "von Roll MBB Recycling
GmbH" located in Schrobenhausen, Germany with main activities in the field of
recycling of electronic scrap, which comes from households and industry. Relations through
contract and partnership enabled the company to set up a network of recyclers and
treatment companies, to offer this service all over Germany to the public and industry.
The quality and environment management system demands a continuous development in the
field of recycling technology and ways of recycling. They show especial interest in
finding new technologies, which can be applied, to their partners and recycling network to
increase the quality of recycling. A focal point is the improvement of economy, the high
grade environment protection and to spare resources as well as the appliances of the
Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz.
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Technik und Umwelt
Institut für technische Chemie - Bereich thermische Abfallbehandlung
www.fzk.de
Research and Development at the Institut
für Technische Chemie (ITC-TAB) focus on the thermal treatment of wastes, - waste
incineration - especially balancing of harmful substances and engineering concerning
reduction of harmful substances in exhausted.
- The geometry of the combustion chamber, temperature in combustion and post combustion
chamber as well as residence times in different temperature regions are dependant for the
conversion of organic compounds and the remaining compounds in remaining fractions. -
To improve the engineering concepts three different pilot plants are used at the ITC-TAB.
The TAMARA-plant is designed as a grid combustion of waste (200 kg/h) combined with
cleaning of the exhaust gases, usage of residues and waste water treatment.
A second pilot plant is a rotary kiln technique for the combustion of special wastes
(THERESA), running since 2000.
A third equipment (PYDRA) is a pre-treatment procedure of wastes by coupling pyrolysis and
rotary kiln technique.
Dipartimento di Chimica industriale e ingegneria
chimica
Politecnico di Milano
www.polimi.it/ciic
The research group at politecnico di
milano is working in the field of detailed kinetics for many years. Detailed models for
the prediction of hydrocarbon pyrolysis in both liquid and gas phase, oxidation and
combustion of hydrocarbons up to 12 carbon atoms, poly aromatic hydrocarbons formation,
thermal degradation of plastics (i.e. polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene) have been
already developed and validated. Analogy and similarity rules, together with a systematic
approach toward large set of reactions, the importance of the comprehensivenes of the
generated scheme are the basis and know how of the team.
In particular in regard of the proposed project, the group started with an activity on the
modeling of plastic thermal degradation. The innovation of the proposed approach lies in
the capability of describing the complete detail of the gas product distribution. A
mechanistic kinetic model able to describe the radical chain pyrolysis reactions taking
place in the liquid phase is proposed. The elementary reaction steps were analysed and
their kinetic parameters proposed starting from the well known analogous gas phase
reactions. On the basis of a very limited number of independent kinetic parameters it will
be possible to describe this degradadation process.
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